Smoking Kills - A White Paper on TobaccoReferences

 
 
References
 
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5. The figure of 13 million smokers is based on estimates of cigarette smokers in the UK, obtained from the following sources:
Thomas M, Walker A, Wilmot A, Bennett N, Office for National Statistics. Living in Britain: results from the 1996 General Household Survey. London: The Stationery Office, 1998.
ONS Monitor Population and Health 1996, PP1 97\1. London: Office for National Statistics, 28 August 1997.
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6. Thomas M, Walker A, Wilmot A, Bennett N, Office for National Statistics. Living in Britain: results from the 1996 General Household Survey. London: The Stationery Office, 1998.
 
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8. Northern Ireland Continuous Household Survey, 1996/7. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, 1997.
 
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11. World Health Organisation. Health for all. Database: European region, 1998
 
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13. Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J et al.: Imperial Cancer Research Fund and World Health Organisation. Mortality from smoking in developing countries 1950-2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
 
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34. Raw M, McNeill A, West R. Smoking Cessation Guidelines for Health Professionals. A Guide to Effective Smoking Cessation Interventions for the Health Care System. Thorax, December 1998, 53, Supplement 5.
 
35. Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP, et al. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1: the Lung Health Study. JAMA 1994; 272: 1497-1505.
 
36. QUIT, Helping Smokers to Quit. London: QUIT, 1994, updated 1996.
 
37. Fowler G. BMJ 1997; 314: 1827 and references cited therein.
 
38. Marsh A, McKay S. Poor smokers. London: Policy Studies Institute, 1994. (Research Report; no. 771).
 
39. Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Chen ML, Salzberger U, Tollner U, Lackmann GM. Metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk) in the urine of newborn infants. Abstracts Papers Am Chem Soc 1998: 216; 32.
 
40. Foster K, Lader D, Cheesbrough S. Infant Feeding 1995: Office for National Statistics. London: The Stationery Office, 1997.
 
41. University of York NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Effectiveness Matters, (1998), Vol 3, Issue 1.
 
42. Barron J. Young teenagers and smoking in 1997. London: Office for National Statistics.
 
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44. Health Education Authority, London. [Unpublished research.]
 
45. Health and Safety Executive. Passive smoking at work. Sheffield: Health and Safety Executive, 1998.
 
46. Cigarette wars in Africa. Lancet 1997; 350: 793.
 
47. Office for National Statistics: Business Monitor 210: Q2. Overseas trade analysed in terms of Industries. London: The Stationery Office, 1998.
 
48. Parrott S, Godfrey C, Raw M, West R, McNeill A. Guidance for Commissioners on the Cost Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Interventions. Thorax December 1998, 53, Supplement 5.
 

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Prepared 10 December 1998