16.1 Introduction
Children differ from older travellers in their vaccine
requirements, and in the medical problems they encounter. An ill
child may compromise travel. Careful planning of all journeys
is necessary to be prepared for likely emergencies.
16.2 Motion sickness
This is unusual in children under two years but frequent
in 3-12 year olds. Being able to see the horizon and other external
views helps to reduce the problem. Promethazine (Phenergan) can
be used to reduce travel-associated nausea.
16.3 Respiratory tract infections
Throat and ear infections, especially sepsis in the
middle ear, can prevent equilibration of pressure in the middle
ear making children particularly susceptible to severe pain and
discomfort when changing altitude. Flying may sometimes have to
be delayed.
16.4 Diarrhoea
Acute diarrhoea in infants and young children creates
a number of problems for travelling parents. Availability of clean
nappies and the disposal of soiled material can be a logistic
nightmare. Oral rehydration therapy is the most important therapy
for a sick child and should always be carried. If the child is
febrile, medical assistance should be sought.
16.5 Diet
Baby foods are often unavailable, or very expensive,
in tropical countries and cows' milk may not be available.
Only commercially bottled milk with a clear expiry date should
be used. Dairy products are a common cause of diarrhoea in hot
climates.
16.6 Skin problems
Nappy rash, prickly heat and sunburn occur frequently
in hot, humid climates. Young children should be kept well-protected
from the sun at all times, and given plenty of fluids. Soothing
skin creams are a necessary requisite. Infection from a number
of soil parasites through bare feet is a significant risk; children
should be encouraged to wear shoes.
16.7 Medications
Enough medication for the whole journey should be
provided for a child with an underlying medical problem. It is
also wise to pack children's analgesics, oral replacement
salts (see 5.3) and skin creams as these may not be readily available.
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