Health Survey for England - The Health of Minority Ethnic Groups '99

Table 3.13

Prevalence of risk factors amongst those with and without CVD conditions, by minority ethnic group

Aged 16 and over

1999

Risk factors
Men

Women

With
Without
With

Without

CVD^a

CVD

CVD^a

CVD

Observed %

Black Caribbean

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 67 56 79 64

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 48 15 57 29

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 6 9 15 9

Manual social class 82 67 63 52

Current cigarette smoker 35 35 13 27

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 15 18 4 10

High blood pressure^b 78 36 67 23

Indian

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 62 49 74 51

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 73 29 62 23

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 18 15 22 7

Manual social class 48 55 45 52

Current cigarette smoker 27 22 8 6

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 13 14 - 3

High blood pressure^b 59 32 62 20

Pakistani

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 67 50 80 55

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 67 22 65 29

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 8 8 17 4

Manual social class 64 65 54 65

Current cigarette smoker 29 26 5 5

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 3 2 - 1

High blood pressure^b 61 20 51 12

Bangladeshi

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 42 35 70 34

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 44 23 95 37

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 13 9 7 6

Manual social class 80 81 85 82

Current cigarette smoker 55 42 3 1

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week - 1 - -

High blood pressure^b 45 19 43 9

Chinese

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) [60] 34 [44] 32

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 [43] 15 [54] 22

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l [38] 9 [13] 8

Manual social class [63] 48 [35] 44

Current cigarette smoker [-] 19 [3] 10

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week [11] 3 [ -] 4

High blood pressure^b [64] 24 [35] 22

Irish

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 69 63 63 54

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 54 28 42 23

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 15 14 20 15

Manual social class 55 56 50 49

Current cigarette smoker 31 41 27 34

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 27 36 11 20

High blood pressure^b 61 37 53 24

General population (1998)^c

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 71 61 61 52

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 42 25 33 18

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 20 18 32 21

Manual social class 54 51 53 48

Current cigarette smoker 21 30 23 28

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 23 32 12 18

High blood pressure^b 71 38 65 30

Standardised risk ratios

Black Caribbean

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 1.13 0.94 1.31 1.31

Standard error of the ratio 0.14 0.04 0.15 0.04

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 1.29 0.51 2.62 1.82

Standard error of the ratio 0.29 0.06 0.49 0.13

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 0.53 0.53 0.51 0.62

Standard error of the ratio 0.38 0.11 0.21 0.10

Manual social class 1.37 1.26 1.06 1.09

Standard error of the ratio 0.16 0.05 0.15 0.04

Current cigarette smoker 1.68 1.18 0.81 0.90

Standard error of the ratio 0.27 0.08 0.22 0.06

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 0.54 0.55 0.42 0.48

Standard error of the ratio 0.21 0.06 0.24 0.06

High blood pressure^b 2.21 0.94 1.97 1.02

Standard error of the ratio 0.35 0.08 0.39 0.08

Indian

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 1.07 0.81 1.62 1.07

Standard error of the ratio 0.14 0.04 0.09 0.04

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 2.23 1.31 3.92 1.47

Standard error of the ratio 0.38 0.10 0.67 0.13

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 1.59 0.94 0.93 0.51

Standard error of the ratio 0.66 0.13 0.30 0.10

Manual social class 0.99 1.07 1.05 1.06

Standard error of the ratio 0.18 0.05 0.23 0.05

Current cigarette smoker 1.11 0.72 0.35 0.18

Standard error of the ratio 0.27 0.06 0.23 0.03

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 0.22 0.44 0.00 0.12

Standard error of the ratio 0.07 0.05 - 0.03

High blood pressure^b 0.89 0.96 2.00 0.97

Standard error of the ratio 0.11 0.08 0.64 0.08

Pakistani

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 0.94 0.87 1.29 1.26

Standard error of the ratio 0.16 0.05 0.18 0.05

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 2.61 1.42 3.41 2.45

Standard error of the ratio 0.67 0.13 0.58 0.19

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 0.35 0.51 1.94 0.45

Standard error of the ratio 0.19 0.13 0.89 0.17

Manual social class 0.87 1.23 1.15 1.33

Standard error of the ratio 0.15 0.05 0.19 0.06

Current cigarette smoker 0.65 0.84 0.11 0.13

Standard error of the ratio 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.03

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.02

Standard error of the ratio 0.05 0.01 - 0.01

High blood pressure^b 1.53 0.74 1.81 0.99

Standard error of the ratio 0.45 0.10 0.41 0.11

Bangladeshi

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 0.55 0.66 1.61 0.83

Standard error of the ratio 0.12 0.05 0.09 0.06

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 1.00 1.26 5.83 3.13

Standard error of the ratio 0.20 0.13 0.23 0.18

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 0.59 0.68 0.32 0.67

Standard error of the ratio 0.26 0.18 0.28 0.22

Manual social class 1.54 1.59 1.68 1.74

Standard error of the ratio 0.08 0.04 0.15 0.05

Current cigarette smoker 2.01 1.46 0.07 0.06

Standard error of the ratio 0.28 0.09 0.06 0.03

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00

Standard error of the ratio - 0.01 - -

High blood pressure^b 0.60 0.66 1.23 0.71

Standard error of the ratio 0.14 0.10 0.22 0.13

Chinese

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) [0.67] 0.55 [0.85] 0.61

Standard error of the ratio [0.09] 0.05 [0.26] 0.05

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 [1.16] 0.74 [2.31] 1.54

Standard error of the ratio [0.33] 0.11 [0.42] 0.19

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l [1.61] 0.58 [0.60] 0.58

Standard error of the ratio [0.74] 0.16 [0.28] 0.16

Manual social class [0.75] 0.96 [0.96] 0.95

Standard error of the ratio [0.12] 0.06 [0.22] 0.06

Current cigarette smoker [0.00] 0.60 [0.08] 0.34

Standard error of the ratio [-] 0.08 [0.09] 0.06

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week [1.45] 0.08 [0.00] 0.25

Standard error of the ratio [0.13] 0.03 [-] 0.07

High blood pressure^b [1.21] 0.73 [1.04] 0.95

Standard error of the ratio [0.27] 0.09 [0.25] 0.10

Irish

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 1.08 1.00 1.04 1.05

Standard error of the ratio 0.15 0.04 0.14 0.04

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 1.31 1.12 1.51 1.29

Standard error of the ratio 0.24 0.10 0.24 0.11

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 0.69 0.82 0.68 0.72

Standard error of the ratio 0.40 0.13 0.27 0.09

Manual social class 1.19 1.08 0.72 1.00

Standard error of the ratio 0.17 0.05 0.11 0.04

Current cigarette smoker 1.54 1.36 1.04 1.16

Standard error of the ratio 0.26 0.08 0.22 0.07

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 0.95 1.11 0.81 1.14

Standard error of the ratio 0.25 0.08 0.28 0.10

High blood pressure^b 0.82 1.01 1.27 0.80

Standard error of the ratio 0.16 0.08 0.25 0.06

General population (1998)^c

BMI >25 kg/m² (overweight or obese) 1.04 1.00 1.06 1.00

Standard error of the ratio 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.02

High waist-hip ratio -

men>=0.95/women>=0.85 1.09 0.97 1.26 0.95

Standard error of the ratio 0.08 0.03 0.09 0.04

Cholesterol >=6.5 mmol/l 0.98 1.01 1.08 1.00

Standard error of the ratio 0.12 0.05 0.10 0.04

Manual social class 1.00 1.00 1.03 0.99

Standard error of the ratio 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.02

Current cigarette smoker 0.98 1.01 1.14 1.00

Standard error of the ratio 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.03

Alcohol consumption -

men>21/women>14 units/week 0.94 1.02 0.99 1.01

Standard error of the ratio 0.07 0.03 0.09 0.04

High blood pressure^b 1.08 0.99 1.21 0.96

Standard error of the ratio 0.07 0.03 0.07 0.03

Bases (weighted):

Black Caribbean

Whole sample 54 313 73 430

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR) 34 223 53 313

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol) 23 178 30 222

Indian

Whole sample 91 504 58 558

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR) 74 383 44 407

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol) 44 312 35 318

Pakistani

Whole sample 47 311 34 336

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR) 32 198 26 227

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol) 23 154 15 147

Bangladeshi

Whole sample 22 115 13 126

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR) 15 59 7 70

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol) 11 42 3 41

Chinese

Whole sample 8 87 7 106

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR) 6 56 5 76

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol) 4 43 4 51

Irish

Whole sample 236 1310 265 1723

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR) 169 1051 199 1436

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol) 108 839 133 1131

General population (1998)

Whole sample c c c c

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR) c c c c

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol) c c c c

Bases (unweighted):

Black Caribbean

Whole sample
78
469 111 637

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR)
50
321 81 460

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol)
32
253 44 324

Indian

Whole sample
98
528 60 597

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR)
79
397 46 437

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol)
50
329 37 339

Pakistani

Whole sample
84
536 57 586

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR)
57
334 43 394

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol)
40
261 25 256

Bangladeshi

Whole sample
79
454 55 508

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR)
51
230 31 283

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol)
36
162 14 162

Chinese

Whole sample
25
276 26 335

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR)
19
178 18 237

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol)
12
137 14 161

Irish

Whole sample
84
453 94 614

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR)
61
353 70 492

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol)
37
289 49 390

General population (1998)

Whole sample
1130
6063 1228 7487

All who had a nurse visit (BP, WHR)
1000
5165 1074 6347

All who gave a blood sample (cholesterol)
805
4317 808 4921

^a Excluding doctor or nurse diagnosed high blood pressure.

^b Informants were considered hypertensive if their systolic blood pressure pressure was 140 mmHg or over or their diastolic blood pressure was 90 mmHg or over or they were taking medicine affecting blood pressure.

^c Comparative data for the general population are not available for all these topics from the 1999 survey itself, and for this table comparative data have been taken from the 1998 survey, in which no weighting was involved.

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Prepared 10 January 2001