| Outcome |
Age (Years) |
Either parent |
Mother |
Father only |
Both Parents |
|
|
OR (95% CI) |
[n] |
OR (95% CI) |
[n] |
OR (95% CI) |
[n] |
OR (95% CI) |
[n] |
| SIDS |
|
|
|
2.08 (1.96–2.21) |
[19] |
1.63 (1.26–2.11) |
[3] |
| Acute otitis media |
|
Range 1.0–1.5 |
[9] |
| Recurrent otitis media |
|
1.41 (1.19–1.65) |
[7] |
| Middle ear effusion |
|
1.38 (1.23–1.55) |
[4] |
| Referral for glue ear |
|
1.21 (0.95–1.53) |
[7] |
| Lower respiratory |
| Illness |
0–2 |
1.48 (1.40–1.57) |
[26] |
1.64 (1.54–1.73) |
[25] |
1.29 (1.19–1.41) |
[16] |
| Wheeze prevalence |
5–16 |
1.24 (1.19–1.30) |
[25] |
1.27 (1.18–1.36) |
[16] |
1.13 (1.05–1.21) |
[10] |
1.40 (1.29–1.51) |
[10] |
| Cough prevalence |
5–16 |
1.33 (1.27–1.39) |
[25] |
1.38 (1.26–1.51) |
[12] |
1.21 (1.11–1.31) |
[9] |
1.61 (1.50–1.73) |
[15] |
| Phlegm prevalence |
5–16 |
1.33 (1.14–1.55) |
[5] |
| Breathlessness |
5–16 |
1.31 (1.14–1.50) |
[6] |
| Asthma prevalence x-s |
5–16 |
1.17 (1.10–1.25) |
[14] |
1.37 (1.22–1.54) |
[10) |
1.10 (0.99–1.22) |
[8] |
1.52 (1.34–1.72) |
[7] |
| Asthma prevalence c-c |
|
1.35 (1.19–1.54) |
[13] |
| Asthma incidence |
<6 |
|
|
1.31 (1.22–1.41) |
[4] |
| Asthma incidence |
>6 |
|
|
1.13 (1.04–1.22) |
[4] |
| Asthma prognosis |
<1–8 |
1.35 (0.87–2.08) |
[5] |
| Asthma prognosis |
<7–16 |
|
|
0.71 (0.57–0.89) |
[2] |
| Bronchial hyper–reactivity |
|
1.28 (1.08–1.52) |
[8] |
| Allergic sensitisation |
|
0.88 (0.80–0.98) |
[12] |
| [n]=number of studies on which pooled odds ratios based |
| x–s = cross– sectional studies |
| c–c = case control studies |
|
